A working knowledge of Spanish will enable students to communicate with one of America's rapidly growing minority groups, as well as to benefit extensively from travel to foreign countries. Most coursework lends itself to a practical acquisition of the necessary language skills for effective communication.

Coursework at the upper division and graduate level is equally distributed among four areas: linguistics, culture, Peninsular literature, and Hispanic American literature. Students with career plans in teaching, bilingual programs, translation and diplomatic services, as well as careers in public service requiring knowledge of Spanish, will find a balanced curriculum available at Sacramento State. The programs in Spanish also serve those students who plan on continuing their studies at the doctorate level by providing a thorough academic background in the language.

Minimum Grade Requirement
All Spanish majors must earn a grade of "C" or better in all courses counted toward the major. SPAN 42 and SPAN 142 may be taken by challenge exam for Credit/No Credit only provided that student enrolls in course.

The History Associate in Arts Degree for Transfer, also called the History AA-T Degree, prepares students to transfer to CSU campuses that offer bachelor’s degrees in History. Ed Code Section 66746-66749 states students earning the History AA-T degree will be granted priority for admission as a History major to a local CSU, as determined by the CSU campus to which the student applies. History is the study of change over time. Historians analyze cause and effect, construct narratives from primary sources, and try to explain the actions of people in the past. Students in history courses learn more than dates, names, and events. They also learn how to interpret, debate, and draw conclusions. History majors acquire a broad perspective on the human experience and appreciate how the past shaped the present. A History degree is an excellent general preparation for careers in education, law, historical research, historical preservation, government, journalism, media, and communication.

The following is required for all AA-T or AS-T degrees, and there are no additional graduation requirements: (1) Completion of 60 semester units or 90 quarter units that are eligible for transfer to the California State University, including both of the following: (a) The Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) or the California State University General Education – Breadth Requirements. (b) A minimum of 18 semester units or 27 quarter units in a major or area of emphasis, as determined by the community college district. (2) Obtainment of a minimum grade point average of 2.0. (3) ADTs also require that students earn a C or better in all courses required for the major or area of emphasis. A “P” (Pass) grade is an acceptable grade for courses in the major only if the P is defined to be equivalent to a C or better. This degree requires 18 units in the major in addition to other requirements.

Program Student Learning Outcomes:

🗸 Identify important events, themes, and concepts of United States and world history.

🗸 Investigate historical problems and issues by consulting primary and secondary sources.

🗸 Identify an author’s thesis or main idea in a historical work.

The History Associate in Arts Degree is designed to prepare students to acquire basic historical knowledge and academic skills, both to transfer to a four-year institution, and to understand historical causes of current events. History is the study of change over time. Historians analyze cause and effect, construct narratives from primary and secondary sources, and try to explain the actions of people in the past. Students in history courses learn more than dates, names, and events. They also learn how to interpret, debate, and draw conclusions. History majors develop a broad perspective on the human experience, and appreciate how the past shaped the present. A History degree is an excellent general preparation for careers in education, law, historical research, historical preservation, government, journalism, media, and communication. This degree requires 18 units in the major, in addition to other graduation requirements.

Program Student Learning Outcomes:

🗸 Explain causation, change and continuity, and historical complexity through analysis of historical evidence and arguments.

🗸 Develop and present one’s own historical conclusions by crafting convincing and well-supported arguments.

🗸 Demonstrate historical empathy through analysis of globally diverse historical sources and perspectives.

The Associate in Science in Geology for Transfer (AS-T) Degree, also called the Geology AS-T Degree, prepares students to transfer to CSU campuses that offer bachelor's degrees in geology. Ed Code Section 66746-66749 states that students earning the Geology AS-T Degree will be granted priority for admission as a Geology major to a local CSU, as determined by the CSU campus to which the student applies. This degree requires students to complete 60 CSU transferable units including completion of CSU GE or IGETC and 26 units in the major with a cumulative GPA of 2.0 or better. Title 5 requires that students earn a grade of C or better in all major coursework. There are no additional graduation requirements. Students with a degree in geology may pursue careers in a variety of industries such as education, environmental technology, mineral (fossil fuels, metals) discovery and extraction, archeology, research, and more. The Geology AS-T Degree requires a total of 26 units of required courses as indicated below. Recommended courses are not required for the degree but are highly recommended if you plan to pursue the Bachelor's in Science degree in geology.

Program Student Learning Outcomes:

🗸 Demonstrate an understanding of how the scientific method is used to explore topics in geology.

🗸 Apply geology concepts to better understand current issues of environmental and/or geologic concern.

The Geography Associate in Arts Degree for Transfer, also called the Geography AA-T Degree, prepares students to transfer to CSU campuses that offer bachelor's degrees in geography. Ed Code Section 66746-66749 states students earning the Geography AA-T degree will be granted priority for admission as a Geography major to a local CSU, as determined by the CSU campus to which the student applies. The Associate in Arts Degree for Transfer in Geography is designed to provide students with an introduction to both physical and human areas of geographic studies. It provides students the background knowledge needed by undergraduate geography majors for university transfer and coursework. This degree is excellent preparation for careers in international fields, law, science, environmental work and cultural diversity programs. The geographic perspective provides lifelong tools for interpreting the world's complex systems and world events.

The following is required for all AA-T or AS-T degrees, and there are no additional graduation requirements: (1) Completion of 60-semester units or 90 quarter units that are eligible for transfer to the California State University, including both of the following: (a) The Intersegmental General Education Transfer Curriculum (IGETC) or the California State University General Education – Breadth Requirements. (b) A minimum of 18 semester units or 27 quarter units in a major or area of emphasis, as determined by the community college district. (2) Obtainment of a minimum grade point average of 2.0. (3) ADTs also require that students must earn a C or better in all courses required for the major or area of emphasis. A P (Pass) grade is an acceptable grade for a course in the major only if the P is defined to be equivalent to a C or better. This degree requires a total of 19 units in the major, in addition to other degree requirements.

Program Outcomes

🗸 Identify, evaluate and critique human-­environmental processes of globalization from a geo-spatial perspective.

🗸 Define, describe and evaluate the uneven and unequal geographical outcomes of society and nature interrelationships.

🗸 Describe, interpret and evaluate movement, migration and cultural traits related to the social construction of human/cultural landscapes.

🗸 Apply the fundamental concepts of the scientific method and explain the basic components and interrelationships of earth’s physical systems of the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

The Geography Associate in Arts Degree is designed to provide students with an introduction to both physical and human areas of geographic studies. It provides students the background knowledge needed by undergraduate geography majors for university transfer and coursework. This degree is excellent preparation for careers in international fields, law, science, environmental work and cultural diversity programs. The geographic perspective provides lifelong tools for interpreting the world's complex systems and world events. This degree requires a total of 19 - 20 units in the major in addition to other graduation requirements.

Program Student Learning Outcomes:

🗸 Identify, evaluate and critique human-environmental processes of globalization from a geo-spatial perspective.

🗸 Define, describe and evaluate the uneven and unequal geographical outcomes of society and nature interrelationships.

🗸 Describe, interpret and evaluate movement, migration and cultural traits related to the social construction of human/cultural landscapes.

🗸 Apply the fundamental concepts of the scientific method and explain the basic components and interrelationships of earth’s physical systems of the atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.

The Foreign Language Associate in Arts Degree is designed to prepare students to acquire knowledge and academic skills to transfer to a four-year institution and earn a baccalaureate degree in Foreign Language or similar major. Students may fulfill the requirement by completing the entire sequence (101 F, 102 F, 203 F, and 204 F) for a single foreign language (Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish). Some students may be placed into the language course sequence at a higher level than 101 F. For example, according to the prerequisite policy, students who complete high school coursework with a C or better may place out of some of the language sequence. However, these students are not awarded units for the courses out of which they placed. Such students must complete the 18-22 units required for the degree by selecting the remaining units from the list of restricted electives, or substitution courses. This degree requires 18-22 units in the major, in addition to other graduation requirements.

Program Student Learning Outcomes:

🗸 Refine target language oral and written production in response to discourse related to self, family, social situations, school, work and societal issues.

🗸 Refine target language oral and written production in response to written materials in the target language.

🗸 Interpret similarities and differences between the cultural practices and perspectives of the target language and those of other cultures.

This program prepares students for employment as a MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DRAFTER or DESIGNER. Mechanical drafters use MCAD (mechanical computer-aided drafting/design) software to create solid models and then detailed technical drawings of machinery or mechanical devices produced by engineers. Mechanical drafters must be proficient in parametric MCAD software and have knowledge of current industry drafting practices. Designers are typically drafters with additional industry experience and training. Designers take generic designs from engineers and add detail to them (e.g., material and fastener selection) using MCAD. Employment is primarily in the private industries such as aerospace, biomedical, industrial, and other manufacturing industries. This program also develops essential job skills for ENGINEERS. Many university engineering programs may not include these job skill courses as part of their curriculum. Other courses in this program may transfer to the university.

If more units are needed to complete the associate degree, it is suggested students also select courses from the following list: Engr 184, 131, 133, or trigonometry.

Learning Outcome(s):

✓ apply the rules of orthographic projection to create multi-view drawings

✓ produce industry-standard models and engineering drawings.

✓ effectively use CAD software to produce models and drawings

This program prepares students for employment as a CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN. Civil engineering technicians assist civil engineers and surveyors to plan, design, and build various infrastructure projects (e.g., highways, bridges, utilities, etc.) as well as commercial, industrial, and residential projects. This program also develops essential job skills for ENGINEERS. Many university engineering programs may not include these job skill courses as part of their curriculum. Other courses in this program may transfer to the university.

Learning Outcome(s):

✓ select and develop engineering careers

✓ use CAD software to produce industry-standard models and technical drawings.

✓ use common land surveying instruments

This program prepares students for employment as a DRAFTER or DESIGNER in the CIVIL ENGINEERING, architecture, or construction fields. Civil drafters create detailed technical drawings of buildings, structures, and various construction projects designed by architects and civil engineers. Civil drafters must be proficient in industry-standard CAD software (AutoCAD, Civil 3D, REVIT) and have knowledge of industry standard drafting practices. Employment is available in private industry and at local and county government agencies. This program also develops essential job skills for ENGINEERS. Many university engineering programs may not include these job skill courses as part of their curriculum. Other courses in this program may transfer to the university.

If more units are needed to complete the associate degree, it is suggested students also take: Engr 118, 119 (surveying).

Learning Outcome(s):

✓ select and develop engineering careers

✓ read and produce industry-standard civil engineering drawings.

✓ use a variety of CAD software standards for the civil  engineering field